Key Terms in Tokenised Finance

A reference for the terms used across SUPERBLOCK and the tokenised economy.

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Account Abstraction (ERC-4337): A standard that lets a wallet be a smart contract, so sign-in, gas payment and security rules can be programmed. Used by SBX AURA.
Asset Tokenization: Representing ownership of an asset as a blockchain token.
Atomic Settlement: Settlement where both sides of a transaction complete simultaneously or not at all.
Attestation: A signed, verifiable statement about a wallet or identity, such as investor class or eligibility, that smart contracts can check.

CBDC: Central Bank Digital Currency, a digital form of a country's fiat currency.
Compliance Wrapper: A configurable rule set that aligns a tokenised asset or investor with the requirements of a jurisdiction, updated as regulations change.
Custody: Secure safekeeping of digital assets, often using MPC technology.

Diminishing Musharakah: An Islamic home-finance partnership in which the client buys out the financier's share over time.
DvP (Delivery-versus-Payment): Settlement where asset delivery and payment occur together.

EIP-712: A standard for signing structured, human-readable data, used for consent and eligibility attestations.
ERC-1155: A multi-token standard that can issue fractional units in series from one contract.
ERC-20: The standard for fungible tokens, used for stablecoins and the $SBX token.
ERC-3643: A token standard for compliant security tokens that enforces transfer restrictions on-chain.
ERC-4626: A standard for tokenised vaults, where deposits are represented by vault shares.
ERC-5192 (Soulbound Token): A standard for non-transferable tokens, used by SBX ID to mark a verified wallet.
ERC-7579: A standard for modular smart accounts, so validators and security hooks can be added without replacing the account.

Module: A self-contained capability (tokenisation, compliance, settlement, and so on) with defined interfaces, from which SUPERBLOCK platforms are composed.
MPC (Multi-Party Computation): A cryptographic method for securing private keys across multiple parties, so no single party holds a complete key.
Mudarabah: An Islamic finance profit-sharing structure.
Murabaha: An Islamic finance cost-plus financing structure.
Musharakah: An Islamic finance partnership structure.

ONCHAINID: An on-chain identity framework used with ERC-3643 to record verified investor claims.
Oracle: A service that brings off-chain data, such as prices or reserves, on-chain for smart contracts to use.

Permissioned Blockchain: A network where participation is restricted to approved parties.
Proof of Reserve: Real-time, on-chain verification that a token is fully backed.
PvP (Payment-versus-Payment): Settlement where two payments complete together or not at all.

Security Token: A digital token representing a regulated financial instrument.
Settlement: The completion of a transaction by transferring assets and value.
Soulbound Credential: A non-transferable on-chain credential bound to a single identity, used by SBX ID.
Stablecoin: A token designed to hold a stable value, often pegged to a currency.
Sukuk: Asset-based Islamic certificates that give holders a share of an underlying asset.

Timelock: A delay between a governance vote passing and its execution, giving participants time to review or exit.
Tokenisation: The process of creating a digital token representing an asset.

Verifiable Credential: A W3C-standard digital credential held by the user and shared selectively with consent.

White-Label Platform: A platform an institution licenses and operates under its own brand, on infrastructure maintained by the provider.

Zakat: The obligatory annual almsgiving in Islam, calculated on eligible wealth.
Zero-Knowledge Proof: A method of proving something is true without revealing the underlying data.